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Elsevier B.V. ((:ˈɛlzəviːr)) is an academic publishing company that publishes medical and scientific literature. It is a part of the RELX Group (known until 2015 as Reed Elsevier). Based in Amsterdam, the company has operations in the United Kingdom, United States, Mexico, Brazil, Spain, and elsewhere. Leading products include journals such as ''The Lancet'' and ''Cell'', books such as ''Gray's Anatomy'', the ScienceDirect collection of electronic journals, the ''Trends'' and ''Current Opinion'' series of journals, and the online citation database Scopus. Elsevier annually publishes approximately 350,000 articles a year in 2,000 journals. Its archives contain over 13 million documents. Total yearly downloads amount to 750 million. In 2014, Elsevier reported a profit margin of approximately 37% on revenues of £2.48 billion.〔 Elsevier's high profit margins and copyright practices have subjected it to much criticism by researchers. ==History== Elsevier took its name from the Dutch publishing house Elzevir, which, however, had no connection with the present company. The Elzevir family operated as booksellers and publishers in the Netherlands. Its founder, Lodewijk Elzevir (1542–1617), lived in Leiden and established the business in 1580. Elsevier was founded in 1880 and is the oldest and largest company dating from that time. The expansion of Elsevier in the scientific field after 1945 was funded with the profits of the newsweekly ''Elsevier'', which first issue appeared on October 27, 1945. The weekly was an instant success and earned lots of money.〔Gerry van der List, ''Meer dan een weekblad. De geschiedenis van Elsevier''〕 The weekly was a continuation, as is stated in its first issue, of the monthly Elsevier, which was founded in 1891 to promote the name of the publishing house and had to stop publication in December 1940 because of the Nazi occupation. In 1947, Elsevier began publishing its first English-language journal, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. In 2013, Elsevier acquired Mendeley, a UK company making software for managing and sharing research papers. ''The New Yorker'' described Elsevier's reasons for buying Mendeley as two-fold: to acquire its user data, and to "destroy or coöpt an open-science icon that threatens its business model."〔("When the Rebel Alliance Sells Out" ), David Dobbs, ''The New Yorker'', April 12, 2013〕 In December 2013, Elsevier announced a collaboration with University College, London, the UCL Big Data Institute.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=University College London and Elsevier launch UCL Big Data Institute | Elsevier Connect )〕 Elsevier's investment is "substantial" and thought to be more than £10 million. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Elsevier」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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